표 6 / Table 6 청년층의 중기 2초 구간 삼킴 전후 비교 / The pre- & post-swallowing comparison in the second 2-sec. section in young adults

Variables	Swallowing		Mean(±SD)	t-value	p-value
F0	M	pre-	149.960(±25.82)	-0.40	.692
		post-	150.504(±25.38)
	F	pre-	276.015(±29.65)	0.67	.505
		post-	274.637(±27.97)
STD	pre-		1.341(±0.57)	-1.54	.127
	post-		1.421(±0.61)
PER	pre-		483.350(±237.85)	-0.55	.584
	post-		493.530(±236.19)
Jitt	pre-		0.337(±0.30)	0.56	.574
	post-		0.317(±0.13)
Jita	pre-		18.930(±24.91)	0.82	.415
	post-		16.644(±9.13)
RAP	pre-		0.198(±0.20)	0.69	.492
	post-		0.181(±0.08)
vF0	pre-		0.649(±0.24)	-0.20	.839
	post-		0.655(±0.19)
ShdB	pre-		0.146(±0.09)	-0.17	.858
	post-		0.148(±0.05)
Shim	pre-		1.685(±1.08)	-0.18	.854
	post-		1.706(±0.68)
vAm	pre-		5.579(±2.75)	1.35	.180
	post-		5.035(±1.51)
NHR	pre-		0.138(±0.15)	1.11	.269
	post-		0.116(±0.01)
VTI	pre-		0.044(±0.01)	1.69	.095
	post-		0.040(±0.01)

M, male; F, female; F0, average fundamental frequency; STD, standard deviation of F0; PER, pitch periods; Jitt, jitter percent; Jita, absolute jitter; RAP, relative average perturbation; vF0, F0 variation; ShdB, shimmer in dB; Shim, shimmer percent; vAm, peak amplitude variation; NHR, noise to harmonic ratio; VTI, voice turbulence index; SD, standard deviation. ^* p<.05, ^** p<.01, ^*** p<.001.