표 5 / Table 5 응용 입술 트릴 훈련 전후 심리측정적 측정치 비교 / Comparison of electroglottographic measures in vowel and speech production before and after Modified Voiced Lip Trill training (MVoLT)

Parameters		Before		After		t-value
Parameters		M	SD	M	SD	t-value
K-VHI	TTL	11.188	8.252	4.844	4.959	6.506^***
	F	3.750	3.203	1.125	1.581	5.458^***
	P	5.656	4.590	3.031	3.469	5.213^***
	E	1.781	3.045	0.688	1.378	2.884
VFI	TTL	16.188	11.017	9.063	9.312	6.122^***
	Tired	7.656	6.622	3.063	3.501	4.993^***
	Phys	3.188	3.187	1.500	2.806	4.959^***
	Rest	5.344	3.704	4.500	4.227	1.991
K-VAPP	TTL	15.813	17.772	7.938	9.880	4.514^***
	ALS	6.344	6.837	2.844	3.629	4.709^***
	PRS	2.969	4.582	1.313	2.147	2.693
	Sub1	1.094	1.254	0.500	0.762	4.013^***
	Sub2	3.313	5.239	1.969	3.412	2.858
	Sub3	5.094	7.032	1.750	3.132	3.858^**
	Sub4	0.906	1.510	0.438	0.878	2.462
	Sub5	5.406	8.991	3.281	5.050	2.310
K-SVHI TTL		47.125	27.144	25.375	20.003	8.377^***

K-VHI, Korean-Voice Handicap Index, VFI, Vocal Fatigue Index; K-VAPP, Korean version of the Voice Activity and Participation Profile; K-SVHI, Korean version of the Singing Voice Handicap Index; TTL, total score; F, functional; P, physical; E, emotional; Tired, tiredness of voice; Phys, physical discomfort; Rest, improvement of symptoms with rest; ALS, activity limitation score; PRS, participation restriction score; Sub1–5; subscale scores of the subsections 1–5; ^** p<.003; ^*** p<.001