표 3. | Table 3. 사전·사후 MDVP 결과 | Reasult of acoustic evaluation (MDVP) pre test and post test

Parameter		Pre-test	Post-test	t-value	p-value
Fo	Male	158.119 (43.615)	148.126 (36.838)	–.524	0.600
	Female	205.324 (24.137)	224.303 (11.068)	–2.028	.043*
Jitter		2.020 (1.261)	0.547 (.238)	–3.547	.000***
Shimmer		7.051 (4.378)	3.177 (.959)	–3.621	.000***
NHR		0.165 (.077)	0.125 (.012)	–2.396	.017*

p<.05,
p<.001.
MDVP, multi-dimensional voice program.