Table 1. Demographic information of the 48 talkers from whose productions stimuli were extracted for the perception experiment

Talker group	Age in years mean (SD)	Length of residence in Korea mean (SD)
Naïve	19.6 (1.0)	N/A
Novice L2	24.1 (3.0)	24 days (5 days)
Advanced L2	22.5 (1.6)	40.0 months (9.8 months)
L1 Korean	22.9 (2.4)	N/A

L2, second language; L1, native.