Table 7. Confusion matrix for each talker group in the /u/ vowel context. The first number in each cell represents the percentage of trials for that target given that response. Cells with responses less than 5% were removed for clarity. The second number, in parentheses, is the mean goodness rating
| Naïve | Response | Novice L2 | Response |
| Target | /ʨ/ | /ʨʰ/ | /ʨ*/ | /sh/ | /s*/ | Target | /ʨ/ | /ʨʰ/ | /ʨ*/ | /sh/ | /s*/ |
| /ʨ/ | 35.4 (2.44) | 59.4 (2.49) | | | | /ʨ/ | 36.5 (2.29) | 52.1 (2.12) | 10.4 (2.90) | | |
| /ʨʰ/ | 15.6 (1.93) | 83.3 (2.91) | | | | /ʨʰ/ | 10.4 (2.00) | 83.3 (2.74) | 6.3 (2.33) | | |
| /ʨ*/ | 22.9 (2.36) | 5.2 (1.20) | 70.8 (2.74) | | | /ʨ*/ | 18.8 (2.00) | 7.3 (0.86) | 74.0 (3.11) | | |
| /sh/ | | 12.5 (2.42) | | 37.5 (2.92) | 50.0 (3.10) | /sh/ | | | | 36.5 (3.26) | 62.5 (3.22) |
| /s*/ | | | | 30.2 (2.79) | 69.8 (3.03) | /s*/ | | | | 38.5 (2.81) | 61.5 (3.05) |
| Advanced L2 | Response | L1 Korean | Response |
| Target | /ʨ/ | /ʨʰ/ | /ʨ*/ | /sh/ | /s*/ | Target | /ʨ/ | /ʨʰ/ | /ʨ*/ | /sh/ | /s*/ |
| /ʨ/ | 58.3 (2.84) | 24.0 (2.09) | 17.7 (1.82) | | | /ʨ/ | 72.9 (2.93) | 26.0 (2.00) | | | |
| /ʨʰ/ | | 96.9 (2.84) | | | | /ʨʰ/ | 6.3 (3.50) | 93.8 (3.28) | | | |
| /ʨ*/ | 9.4 (1.33) | 5.2 (1.20) | 85.4 (2.74) | | | /ʨ*/ | | | 96.9 (3.38) | | |
| /sh/ | | | | 61.5 (3.15) | 38.5 (2.95) | /sh/ | | | | 82.3 (3.04) | 15.6 (2.67) |
| /s*/ | | | | 45.8 (3.02) | 54.2 (3.12) | /s*/ | | | | 32.3 (2.55) | 67.7 (3.28) |
L2, second language; L1, native.