Table 8. Mean goodness ratings assigned by listeners to the productions of each talker group

Talker group	Overall mean goodness rating	Mean rating of incorrect responses	Mean rating of correct responses
Naïve	2.81	2.61	2.94
Novice L2	2.85	2.65	2.99
Advanced L2	2.90	2.64	3.03
L1 Korean	3.18	2.62	3.29

L2, second language; L1, native.