Table 8. Substitution patterns for the middle school students

Fricative (intelligibility) Substituted sounds
f (89.2%) θ (6.1%)
v (46.6%) w (43.2%)
θ (18.5%) f (8.2%), s (35.3%), z (8.9%), ð (21.4%)
ð (15.4%) v (5.2%), θ (27.3%), s (9.6%), z (36.8%)
s (87.4%) θ (8.7%)
z (74.1%) ð (23.3%)
ʃ (92.2%) ʒ (5.5%)
ʒ (24.3%) ʤ (22.2%), ʐ (45.8%)
Note: Substitution percentage lower than 5% is not considered for clarity.