Means and standard deviations of accuracy scores and response time (RT) across participant groups in each executive function tasks.
| (a) Digit 1-Back |
| Dialect | School | Mean | SD | Mean | SD |
| Target | Accuracy | RT |
| Gyeongsang | Elementary | 6.69 | 2.49 | 1,011.95 | 281.81 |
| Highschool | 8.21 | 1.44 | 641.59 | 157.36 |
| College | 8.09 | 1.70 | 558.24 | 137.12 |
| Seoul | Elementary | 6.09 | 2.50 | 946.78 | 229.17 |
| Highschool | 7.95 | 1.53 | 597.21 | 244.94 |
| College | 8.51 | 1.73 | 561.33 | 111.67 |
| Non-target | Accuracy | RT |
| Gyeongsang | Elementary | 17.86 | 6.91 | 1,012.06 | 234.08 |
| Highschool | 27.30 | 2.43 | 703.54 | 170.04 |
| College | 25.69 | 4.85 | 573.70 | 133.47 |
| Seoul | Elementary | 21.57 | 5.68 | 912.21 | 143.20 |
| Highschool | 26.52 | 3.53 | 598.48 | 156.94 |
| College | 28 | 1.23 | 556.04 | 110.31 |
| (b) Digit 2-Back |
| Dialect | School | Mean | SD | Mean | SD |
| Target | Accuracy | RT |
| Gyeongsang | Highschool | 7.60 | 1.67 | 850.83 | 186.65 |
| College | 6.45 | 2.82 | 740.09 | 217.15 |
| Seoul | Highschool | 7.09 | 2.64 | 681.93 | 275.02 |
| College | 7.82 | 2.23 | 875.45 | 309.36 |
| Non-target | Accuracy | RT |
| Gyeongsang | Highschool | 26.04 | 2.88 | 952.65 | 209.57 |
| College | 24.09 | 5.34 | 781.28 | 267.11 |
| Seoul | Highschool | 25.04 | 6.19 | 744.35 | 289.77 |
| College | 25.76 | 2.74 | 884.69 | 288.39 |
| (c) Digit 3-Back |
| Dialect | School | Mean | SD | Mean | SD |
| Target | Accuracy | RT |
| Gyeongsang | Highschool | 6.78 | 2.08 | 863.13 | 244.50 |
| College | 5.15 | 2.04 | 873.00 | 270.77 |
| Seoul | Highschool | 6.00 | 2.42 | 753.84 | 362.95 |
| College | 5.92 | 2.15 | 961.73 | 308.42 |
| Non-target | Accuracy | RT |
| Gyeongsang | Highschool | 24.30 | 2.68 | 905.09 | 202.72 |
| College | 21.75 | 4.97 | 866.30 | 296.92 |
| Seoul | Highschool | 21.71 | 5.67 | 825.91 | 364.93 |
| College | 23.51 | 3.29 | 985.70 | 316.89 |
| (d) DCCS |
| Dialect | School | Mean | SD | Mean | SD |
| Switch | Accuracy | RT |
| Gyeongsang | Elementary | 9.47 | 1.88 | 1,004.51 | 182.69 |
| Highschool | 11.30 | 0.97 | 588.46 | 166.49 |
| College | 11.71 | 1.30 | 625.20 | 177.23 |
| Seoul | Elementary | 9.04 | 1.82 | 921.58 | 327.82 |
| Highschool | 9.88 | 1.96 | 653.28 | 173.03 |
| College | 11.23 | 1.13 | 573.44 | 111.00 |
| Stay | Accuracy | RT |
| Gyeongsang | Elementary | 12.85 | 1.79 | 933.74 | 216.25 |
| Highschool | 14 | 1.07 | 520.94 | 110.21 |
| College | 14 | 0.91 | 571.38 | 136.98 |
| Seoul | Elementary | 13.28 | 1.70 | 814.09 | 232.15 |
| Highschool | 14.05 | 1.86 | 554.59 | 99.93 |
| College | 14.35 | 0.66 | 532.05 | 105.16 |
| (e) Stroop |
| Dialect | School | Mean | SD | Mean | SD |
| Congruent color word | Accuracy | RT |
| Gyeongsang | Elementary | 39.20 | 1.87 | 937.11 | 342.73 |
| Highschool | 39.20 | 1.23 | 557.75 | 75.10 |
| College | 39.68 | 0.59 | 574.63 | 69.06 |
| Seoul | Elementary | 39.31 | 1.05 | 803.32 | 116.81 |
| Highschool | 37.84 | 1.83 | 513.63 | 56.79 |
| College | 39.33 | 0.98 | 528.05 | 79.05 |
| Incongruent color word | Accuracy | RT |
| Gyeongsang | Elementary | 11.60 | 0.84 | 1,074.75 | 526.36 |
| Highschool | 11.60 | 0.68 | 616.46 | 95.32 |
| College | 11.53 | 0.71 | 626.23 | 127.66 |
| Seoul | Elementary | 11.52 | 0.69 | 886.29 | 175.19 |
| Highschool | 11.21 | 0.78 | 545.34 | 90.92 |
| College | 11.46 | 0.94 | 573.29 | 106.60 |
| Non-color word | Accuracy | RT |
| Gyeongsang | Elementary | 15.50 | 1.26 | 1,010.71 | 505.05 |
| Highschool | 15.75 | 0.44 | 572.18 | 82.42 |
| College | 15.81 | 0.39 | 590.80 | 74.00 |
| Seoul | Elementary | 15.73 | 0.56 | 844.96 | 128.90 |
| Highschool | 14.89 | 1.41 | 550.81 | 77.35 |
| College | 15.56 | 0.68 | 551.84 | 92.05 |
| Nonce word | Accuracy | RT |
| Gyeongsang | Elementary | 11.40 | 0.84 | 1,021.14 | 243.97 |
| Highschool | 11.45 | 0.82 | 589.27 | 86.07 |
| College | 11.87 | 0.33 | 592.52 | 83.97 |
| Seoul | Elementary | 11.73 | 0.56 | 864.03 | 135.91 |
| Highschool | 11.15 | 1.06 | 572.08 | 76.72 |
| College | 11.53 | 0.88 | 559.00 | 86.99 |