Appendix 1

Hangul IPA Hangul IPA
Tense-initial words
떠돌이 ‘a wonderer’ /t'ʌtoli/ 띵동 ‘dingdong’ /t'iŋtoŋ/
떡집 ‘rice-cake shop’ /t'ʌktɕip/ 뜨네기 ‘wondering one’ /t'ɨnɛki/
떨이 ‘frozen stock’ /t'ʌli/ 뜨다 ‘to float’ /tɨta/
따르릉 ‘ting-a-ling’ /t'alɨlɨŋ/ 뜰채 ‘a net’ /t'ɨltɕhɛ/
딸기 ‘strawberry’ /t'alki/ 또랑 ‘ditch’ /t'olaŋ/
땅콩 ‘peanut’ /t'aŋkhoŋ/ 똑똑 ‘knock knock’ /t'okt'ok/
때문에 ‘because’ /t'ɛmunɛ/ 똘똘 ‘smart’ /t'olt'ol/
때리다 ‘to hit’ /t'ɛlita/ 뚜껑 ‘a lid’ /t'uk'ʌŋ/
땡땡이 ‘playing hooky’ /t'ɛŋt'ɛŋi/ 뚝배기 ‘earthen pot’ /t'ukpɛki/
띠엄띠엄 ‘sparsely’ /t'iʌmt'iʌm/ 뚝뚝 ‘dripping sound’ /t'uk'tuk/
띠띠빵빵 ‘beep beep’ /t'it'ip'aŋp'aŋ/
Lax-initial words
더미 ‘a heap’ /tʌmi/ 딩동댕 ‘ding-dong-dang’ /tiŋtoŋtɛŋ/
더덕 ‘Deodeok’ /tʌtʌk/ 딩굴딩굴 ‘in the manner of rolling about’ /tiŋkultiŋkul/
덥석 ‘suddenly’ /tʌpsʌk/ 드림 ‘offering’ /tɨtim/
달팽이 ‘a snail’ /talpɛŋi/ 든든 ‘safe’ /tɨntɨn/
당근 ‘a carrot’ /taŋkɨn/ 도마 ‘cutting board’ /toma/
단추 ‘a button’ /tantɕhu/ 도라지 ‘balloon flower root’ /toratɕi/
대리 ‘substitute’ /tɛli/ 동생 ‘younger sibling’ /toŋsɛŋ/
대신 ‘instead’ /tɛsin/ 두부 ‘tofu’ /tupu/
댕기 ‘ribbon’ /tɛŋki/ 두통 ‘headache’ /tuthoŋ/
디스코 ‘disco’ /tiskho/ 둥글게 ‘round’ /tuŋkɨlkɛ/
득녀 ‘having a daughter’ /tɨknjʌ/
Aspirated-initial words
터미널 ‘a terminal’ /thʌminʌl/ 팀장 ‘team leader’ /thimtɕaŋ/
텁텁 ‘unpleasant taste in one’s mouth’ /thʌpthʌp/ 통로 ‘a path’ /thoŋro/
털이 ‘a robber’ /thʌli/ 트집 ‘finding fault’ /thɨtɕip/
타조 ‘a turkey’ /thatɕo/ 특집 ‘special issue’ /thɨktɕip/
타이어 ‘a tire’ /thaiʌ/ 튼튼 ‘healthy’ /thɨnthɨn/
탁자 ‘a table’ /thaktɕa/ 토마토 ‘tomato’ /thomatho/
태극기 ‘national flag’ /thɛkɨkki/ 토실 ‘chubby’ /thosil/
택배 ‘delivery service’ /thɛkpɛ/ 투덜투덜 ‘grumblingly’ /thutʌlthutʌl/
택시 ‘taxi’ /thɛksi/ 투수 ‘a pitcher’ /thusu/
티켓 ‘a ticket’ /thikhɛt/ 툭툭 ‘hitting sound’ /thukthuk/
티셔츠 ‘a T-shirt’ /thiʃʌtɕhɨ/ 퉁퉁 ‘stamping sound’ /thuŋthuŋ/
IPA, International Phonetic Alphabet.