Table 3. Statistical results

Fixed effects
	Estimate	SE	df	t-value	p-value
(Intercept)	1.0690	0.0396	0.237	27.024	p<.001***
Group: native English	0.0060	0.0232	1,220	0.263	0.7926
Type: vowel	0.0188	0.0528	23.62	0.356	0.7250
Group: native English×Type: vowel	–0.0880	0.0393	1,220	–2.764	p<0.01**

Random effects
	Variance	SD
Subject	0.0000	0.0000
Word pair	0.0161	0.1269

Pairwise comparison
	Estimate	SE	df	t ratio	p-value
Consonant: Korean – native	–0.0123	0.0192	193	–0.640	0.5227
Vowel: Korean – native	0.0715	0.0189	183	3.774	p<.001***