표 1. | Table 1. 연구의 선정기준 | Selection criteria for research

	Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
Subject	Children or adults with typical developmentChildren or adults with communication difficultiesChildren or adults with dyslexia and poor reading comprehension	Children and adults with psychological, emotional, and behavioral problems
Method	Immediate serial recall taskSerial recall of items taskRepeat the non-words taskRepeat the words task	Digit span taskRead taskWrite taskJudge task
Results	Phonological encoding: Substitution error results between identical articulatory featuresPhonological short-term memory: Sequence, repetition, and omission error resultsArticulation transcoding: Substitution error results between voiced and voiceless sounds, phoneme addition error results	Error rate without analysis criteriaAccuracy without analysis standards
Design	Randomized controlled studyQuasi-experimental study	Individual case studiesResearch studyQualitative research